WVATS Quarterly Newsletter
Fall 2004

Please note that phone numbers, addresses, websites and e-mail addresses were accurate at time of publication. This information may not be current.

Articles:   [WVATS]   [Resources]   [Tools]   [State]   [National]   [DBTAC]   [AgrAbility]   [PATHS 2005]

Accessible Voting in West Virginia

checkmarkRegister to Vote

Before you can vote in West Virginia, you must register. To register, you must:

You can get a registration form from:

checkmarkEarly Voting

You can vote up to two weeks before the election date. Visit the county clerk's office and ask to vote early in-person. You can then vote as you would on Election Day. Your vote will be counted with the others from Election Day.

checkmarkCar Voting

Auto voting enables you to vote from your car. Poll workers can bring ballots directly to your car. For more information about auto voting, call your county clerk or the Secretary of State's Office at 866-767-8683.

checkmarkEmergency Ballot Procedure

Some counties have emergency voting procedures. A ballot can be brought to you at a hospital or other medical facility. Please call your county clerk's office.

checkmarkPrecinct Voting

You can receive assistance to vote at your local precinct. You can request assistance by filling out an "assisted voter form." It is illegal for the person assisting you to violate your privacy by revealing your votes to anyone. If you need assistance, ask the poll workers or call the Secretary of State's Office.
Polling places should comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If your polling place is inaccessible, please call your County Commission or call the Secretary of State's Office at 866-767-8683.

checkmarkAbsentee Voting

Absentee voting is done by mail.

Reasons to vote absentee:

To vote absentee call your county clerk to request an absentee ballot application. Send in the application. Applications will be accepted no earlier than 12 weeks before the election, and no later than the 6 days before the election. Your county clerk will mail you an absentee ballot.

For more information on Accessible Voting call the ADA & IT Technical Assistance Centers at 800-949-4232 or visit www.havainfo.org.

The Resource Section

American Association of People with Disabilities Disability Vote Project

AAPD's Disability Vote Project will push for meaningful election reform, continue efforts to get out the disability vote, focus on polling place and voting system access, encourage service providers to people with disabilities to comply with the provisions of the National Voter Registration Act, and encourage people with disabilities to run for office and to get involved in the political process for the candidate of their choice. For more information on the Disability Vote Project call 800-840-8844 or visit www.aapd.com/dvpmain/newdvpindex.html

Don't Block My Vote: Equal Access to Polls

United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) has launched a new website, www.DontBlockMyVote.org, a national campaign for equal access to the polls, to call on Members of Congress to fully fund the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA). This site helps assure that people with disabilities, their families and supporters have the access they need to fully participate in elections. Through DontBlockMyVote.org, UCP is encouraging eligible voters to participate in this year's election while building support for full funding for the Help America Vote Act (HAVA).

Voting Information

The West Virginia Secretary of State's office is designed to be the place to answer all of your voting questions. Some examples of services include:

For additional information call the Secretary of State's Office at 866-767-8683 or 304-558-6000 or visit www.wvsos.com

Accessible Voting Machines

With the November presidential election quickly approaching, what are the prospects for a truly accessible voting experience? Will the focus on electronic voting machines as a result of security issues affect the right of visually impaired voters to a private, independent, and dignified voting experience?

The chaos surrounding the 2000 presidential election clearly illustrated the need to modernize our nation's election systems, and several manufacturers have developed electronic voting machines to eliminate the inaccuracies involved with paper and "chad-style" ballots. These machines use electronic ballots displayed on computer screens, and the ballots are counted automatically. Since it is estimated that 500,000 of these machines, each costing between $2,000 and $5,000, would be needed across the United States, it would be a multi-billion-dollar process to bring our nation up to date.

To help ensure that people who are blind or visually impaired are not forgotten as this modernization occurs, the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) evaluated election voting machines for their usability and accessibility.

Another issue then emerged: Can these new electronic voting machines provide sufficient security to prevent election fraud while at the same time safeguard the anonymity of a secret vote? Can a voting machine provide privacy, security, and verification and still be accessible to all voters? AFB conducted another study on security issues.

The studies, "Cast a Vote by Yourself: A Review of Accessible Voting Machines" by Darren Burton and Mark Uslan and "The Ballot Ballet: The Usability of Accessible Voting Machines" by Darren Burton and Mark Uslan can be found in AccessWorld, a publication of the American Foundation for the Blind. For more information on these studies or to access these articles, call the AFB at 800-232-5463 or visit www.afb.org

For an abrieviated version of the review article, see the DBTAC portion of this newsletter.

ADA Checklist For Polling Places

The US Department of Justice has an ADA checklist for polling places. This document is designed to provide informal guidance to assist individuals in understanding the ADA and the Department's regulations in regards to voting places. To view a short version of this checklist see the ADA polling checklist portion of this newsletter.

The Help America Vote Act

The Help America Vote act of 2002 was enacted to ensure that all citizens have the uninhibited right to vote. In accordance with the act, each new voting system used in a federal election must be accessible to individuals with disabilities. For more information on the Help America Vote Act visit www.fec.gov/hava/hava.htm or call 800-424-9530.

Notice of Change of Address

The Center for Excellence in Disabilities (CED) has moved to a new facility effective September 1, 2004. Our new address is:
Center for Excellence in Disabilities
959 Hartman Run Road
Morgantown, WV 26505
Phone: 304-293-4692
Fax:   304-293-7294
Web Page: www.cedwvu.org

Please make the necessary changes to reflect this new address. Thank you.

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ADAPT News

Find your Voice and Vote - Header
By Ken Ervin

Voting is our most essential right as citizens. West Virginians with disabilities have many serious issues to be concerned about, such as:

The most basic way to impact these problems is to vote. Individuals with disabilities comprise about 22.5 percent of the state's population. Our voices can be heard and have an impact on issues of importance to us. We need to chose and support candidates who will work with us to achieve our goals.

The disability community is pushing hard for our local polling places to be accessible, but if your polling place is not accessible, you can still vote. You can vote from your car or by absentee ballot. If you are a registered voter, just alert your county clerk, whose office is located in the county court house, to the accommodation/s you need.

The US Department of Justice has an "Accessible Polling Place Survey" on its web site at www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/votingck.htm Check it out. Then let your county commission know what it must do to make your local polling place accessible.

Take time to learn about the candidates, find out who shares your views and speaks to your problems. Voting is not just your right, it is your responsibility. Find your voice and vote!!!

Assistive Technology and Accessible Voting

by Kara Zirkle

You may ask yourself how important is it to vote, does my vote count or why should I vote? In the last four years over 10,000 people signed up to vote. Is it important to vote? Yes, it is important to express your opinion, and exercise your right to vote.

You may ask where do I go to vote. You can call your local County Clerk's office and they will send a registration card to you in the mail; you fill it out and send it back, it's that simple. What happens if you may have a special need and it's difficult to physically vote?

This year all around the United States polling places are working to create accessible voting stations for individuals with specific needs. Some voters will be able to vote using accessible voting stations that range from touch screen to voice output. It's nice that the accessible voting stations are becoming more available, but what happens if the changes aren't enough? Well, there is assistive technology that can be used depending on what the difficulty may be. For example, if you prefer to write your answers on paper but have difficulty using a pen, polling places could provide you an alternative such as a tennis ball with a hole through it where you can put a pen to allow an easier grip. Other items that could be purchased are a: 20/20(r) pen that writes dark like a permanent marker but doesn't show through; a RinGpen(r) that has a ring in the middle of the pen allowing it to comfortably sit on your finger to allow better grip and control; Steady Write(r) pens that have a 45-degree angled base connected allowing you to comfortably rest the pen on the paper instead of having to control an unsteady hand to write. These represent just a few examples of pens that could be used if needed.

What happens if a person has difficulty seeing the ballot? Maybe they just need larger print. Many types of magnifiers can be used, from hand held with lights to page magnifiers.

Some voting polls may have alternative forms of the ballot in either large print or Braille, find out by asking the poll that you visit.

All assistive technology mentioned came from MaxiAids, www.MaxiAids.com, 800-522-6294.

ADA Checklist for Polling Places

An evaluation of polling place accessibility should focus on parking for voters, a drop off or loading area, the entrance to the polling place, and the pedestrian routes (both exterior and interior) that voters use to get to the voter check-in and voting area. The Department of Justice offers a 33-page "ADA Checklist for Polling Places" on its website. The checklist covers parking, passenger drop-off areas, walkways, building entrances and hallways, and the voting area. The checklist also offers practical, simple and efficient solutions to access problems encountered at schools, churches and other public places. The checklist can be found at www.ada.gov/votingck.htm

- Parking
When parking is provided for voters, staff and volunteers, accessible parking must be provided for people with disabilities. Voters with disabilities who arrive by car need a parking space close to an accessible entrance. The accessible parking space needs an accessible aisle that connects directly to an accessible route that leads to an accessible building entrance. To be usable, the access aisle must be relatively level, clear of gravel or mud, and the surface must be in good condition without wide cracks or broken pavement.

- Passenger Drop-Off Areas
Some voters with disabilities will be driven to the polling place and dropped off near an entrance in a passenger drop-off area. If the polling place is served by passenger drop-off areas, then at least one drop-off area must be accessible. An accessible drop-off area must have a level access aisle, adjacent and parallel to the vehicle space. Where a curb intervenes, a curb ramp must be provided so people with disabilities can get to the accessible route leading to the accessible entrance.

- Sidewalks and Walkways
At least one exterior accessible route must connect accessible passenger drop-off areas, accessible parking spaces and other accessible elements, for example, a route from a bus stop to an accessible building entrance. The accessible route is essential for people who have difficulty walking or who use wheelchairs or other mobility aids to get to the accessible entrance of the polling place.

- Entering the Polling Place
An accessible polling place must have at least one accessible entrance, which must be connected to an accessible route. An accessible entrance must provide at least one accessible door with maneuvering space, accessible door hardware and enough clear width to allow people who use crutches, a cane, walker, scooter or wheelchair to use it.

- Using the Polling Place
The accessible voting area must be on an accessible route and have an accessible entrance and adequate circulation and maneuvering space for voters who use wheelchairs or scooters or who walk with mobility aids.
An accessible route must connect the accessible building entrance to the accessible voting area, which includes voter check-in and the location of the accessible voting machines.

For more information visit www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/votingchecklist.htm or call the ADA information line at 800-514-0301 (voice) or 800-514-0383 (TTY).

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Powerful Tools

The TUBCUT

tubcut: a seamless appearance

The TUBCUT from Access Designs is adaptive equipment that creates "step thru" access in the front of a bathtub. This home modification can be used with cast-iron, steel, fiberglass, acrylic and even ABS plastic bathtubs and created in about a half a day.

The completed step-up is only four or five inches high, providing easier access. Water will drain properly, and the existing shower curtain can still be used because the step-up is about two inches above the inside tub-floor. If The TUBCUT is no longer needed, it can be replaced.

Access Designs also installs durable medical equipment, like stainless steel grab bars. TUBCUT has a high-strength bar-mounting-system that does not require wall studs to mount the grab bars.

Access Designs, Inc. installs its assistive technology in West Virginia. Call 877-882-2887 or visit http://www.tubcut.com for more information.

Interpretype

Interpretype is an interactive communication device that provides a means of communicating without using speech. It was designed as a tool to connect the non-signing hearing community with the deaf, hard-of-hearing and speech-disabled community. No skills other than the ability to type and understand a common written language are needed to use it.

Interpretype communication device

Interpretype consists of two pre-programmed laptop-style computer devices. Each device can send and display typed messages to the other device. Once you log on, you can converse simply by reading and typing.

Each Interpretype device is also configured to communicate directly with any Windows PC after loading the soft-ware included with the device. This allows Interpretype to become a computer peripheral device for communicating with the user of any workstation. It also gives the user the ability to capture and print conversations.

Each device is smaller than a standard laptop computer, but has a full size keyboard.

Interpretype is configured to communicate through a single cable and can be powered by batteries if desired. Users can pack or unpack a pair of devices in about 20 seconds.

For additional information call 877-345-3182 or visit http://www.interpretype.com

Can-Do Recorder

Can-Do Recorder

The Can-Do Recorder allows you to record messages on cards that can then be attached to any object or location associated with the message. For example, you can record the name and ingredients of a jar of food. "This is spaghetti sauce with mushrooms and olives purchased in April 2003."

The message is recorded on flexible cardboard that has a magnetic strip. You listen to the message on the card by passing it through the Can-Do Recorder.

The Can-Do Recorder has only two large buttons - record and volume. You can record up to a 12-second message and you can rerecord messages on the same card many times and add Braille, if you wish.

For more information call 888-940-0605.

Earset Communication Device

This wireless communications device is designed specifically for people with limited mobility. The hands-free, voice-activated device can be used as a wireless microphone for Internet calling and other applications that accept microphone input, including speech recognition software.

The system consists of a one ounce wearable Earset, voice-dialing software and the ArialPhone base station, which is attached to a PC and an analog phone line.

ArialPhone allows users to place phone calls by saying a person's name or phone number. The device accepts wiring for a wide variety of external switches and enables users to perform automated functions such as voice dialing by name, answering calls and other telephone operations from anywhere in the home or office.

For more information, call 847-496-4515 or visit http://www.saje-tech.com/arialphone.htm

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State News

West Virginia Health Insurance Plan

The West Virginia Insurance Commission has been approved for a $500,000 grant from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The federal grant, "Seed Grants to States to Create Qualified High Risk Pools," will be used exclusively for the creation and initial operation of the West Virginia Health Insurance Plan.

"Providing access to health care coverage to all citizens of West Virginia is vitally important," Governer Wise said. "The West Virginia Health Insurance Plan addresses the access problems for many people, such as those with pre existing conditions, and those who are not eligible for low income programs, such as Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Programs."

Visit www.wvinsurance.gov for more information or call 304-558-3354.

Center on Aging Launches New Web Site

The West Virginia University Center on Aging launched a new web site to provide seniors with one-stop shopping for nearly every type of age-related issue. On the site, seniors and their family members and health care providers can find health-care and senior services nationwide, ask experts about everything from arthritis to medical malpractice, and read articles about senior-related news for free.

Visit this site at http://www.wvseniors.org

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National News

Travel Web sites agree to be more accessible

In one of the first enforcement actions of the Americans with Disabilities Act on the Internet, two major travel services have agreed to make sites more accessible to the blind and visually impaired.

Priceline.com and Ramada.com have agreed to changes that will allow users with "screen reader software" and other technology to navigate and listen to the text throughout their web sites, according to New York Attorney General, Elliot Spitzer.

The settlement follows investigations over the last two years to determine if their web sites conformed to the federal act and state law that require all "places of public accommodation" and all "goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations" be accessible to individuals with disabilities.

Priceline.com has already made the web site accessible for individuals with visual impairments to get airline tickets, said the firm's spokesman, Brian Ek. By the end of the year, the entire travel site will be accessible, he said.

"Accessible web sites are the wave of the future and the right thing to do." Spitzer said. "We applaud these companies for taking responsible and proper steps to make their web sites accessible to the blind and visually impaired. We urge all companies who have not done so to follow their lead."

AFB Enhances Web Site

The American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) relaunched its web site, adding new information and resources for people who are blind or have low vision, family members and friends, businesses, service providers and educators. Check out the expanded site at http://www.afb.org/

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WV DBTAC News

A Usability Study - Accessible Voting Machines

By Darren Burton and Mark Unslan

In December of 2002, 13 blind and visually impaired people came to the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) TECH lab to test the following electronic voting machines: the iVotronic from Election Systems and Software, the AVC Edge from Sequoia Voting Systems, the eSlate from Hart InterCivic, the Vote-Trakker from Avante International Technology, and the AccuVote TS from Global Diebold. Although there are at least eight other electronic voting systems on the market, these five machines represent over 95 percent of the systems currently in use.

For each machine, the users were given a basic orientation tour, similar to that which would be provided by a poll worker at a voting precinct. Then the users were given the following tasks to accomplish: vote in three contests; review the ballot and change the selection for one contest; and cast a final ballot. The users were asked to test each voting machine twice: once using the visual interface, and once using the audio interface. Instances of problems the users were having were noted and assistance was provided as needed. All tests were video taped. After the tests each user was questioned as to what aspects of the voting machines they liked and disliked.

The Voting Machines

The iVotronic
The iVotronic uses a touch-screen display measuring 9.75 by 7.25 inches, and the unit has four large control buttons that voters who are blind use to navigate and mark the ballot. The iVotronic uses a hierarchical menu structure. To navigate through the ballot, the voter is initially placed in the top level, or contest level, of the hierarchy, then uses two control buttons to move up and down from contest to contest, and presses the select button to enter a race. The voter is now in the bottom, or candidate level, of the hierarchy and again uses the up and down buttons to move from candidate to candidate. The voter then presses the select button to choose the candidate of his or her choice. If a voter scrolls past the last candidate in a particular contest, he or she is taken up a level in the ballot hierarchy and is placed on the next contest.

AVC Edge
The AVC Edge uses a touch-screen display measuring 9 by 12 inches. Voters who are blind use a handheld control box that has four control buttons to navigate and mark the ballot. The AVC Edge uses a hierarchical system similar to the iVotronic interface. However, unlike the iVotronic, it does not automatically take you to the next contest when you scroll past the last candidate of a contest.

eSlate
The eSlate voting machine is not a touch-screen unit, so both sighted and blind voters use the same push-button interface: six control buttons and a round select wheel that the voter rotates to scroll through the ballot. The eSlate display screen measures 9.75 by 10 inches. This machine uses a straight linear ballot. Rotating the select wheel clockwise one notch brings you to the title of the first contest. Subsequent rotations scroll through the candidates for that race, and pressing the Enter button makes or cancels a selection. Scrolling past the last candidate in a particular race takes the voter to the title of the next race and then to the candidates for that race.

Vote-Trakker
The Vote-Trakker is a portable touch-screen unit with speech output generated via synthetic speech, rather than human voice recordings used by the other machines. The touch screen is 11 inches wide by 8.5 inches high. The interface used by voters who are blind or visually impaired is a modified QWERTY computer keyboard. The Escape, Minus, Enter, and Control keys on the four corners of the keyboard are the primary controls, and these keys are raised about twice as high as the other keys for easy identification. The speech output is produced by the IBM ViaVoice TTS Runtime speech synthesizer, and the voter is able to adjust the voice's gender, rate and pitch.
When voting begins on the Vote-Trakker, it reads the title of the first contest, followed by the names of the candidates. There is a pause after each candidate's name during which the voter may press the Enter button to choose that candidate. If a voter misses a candidate, he or she can use the arrow keys to scroll back, but if the voter waits too long after the name of the last choice is read, Abstain is entered for that contest, and the voter is taken to the next contest. After the final race is completed, the machine reads a review page with the choices that have been made. After each contest is read, the voter has a pre-set time period to press Enter to go back and change the choice for that contest.

AccuVote TS
The AccuVote TS uses a touch-screen display measuring 9 by 12 inches. It features a standard 12-digit telephone-style keypad for blind voters to use to navigate and mark the ballot. The AccuVote TS uses a linear ballot style, and it provides audio instructions throughout the voting process. The user presses the 4 and 6 keys on the keypad to move backward and forwards through the ballot, and the 5 key is used to select or deselect a candidate. Other keys on the keypad are used for features such as repeating instructions and casting a final ballot.

Conclusion
The users in this study were highly educated and most were PC users. Nevertheless, they had difficulty using these machines without assistance. The task of changing a vote before casting the final ballot was the most difficult to accomplish without assistance in all the voting machines, but other tasks specific to each machine were also problematic.

In terms of needed accessibility improvements uncovered in this study, there is one major recommendation that stands out: users with visual impairments need a visual display with enhanced screen characteristics. What is needed is a high contrast display with the option of reverse polarity and zoom capability. Additionally, users should be able to use visual and audio voting simultaneously, instead of having the screen go blank during audio voting, as is the case with some systems. We would also recommend that local election officials provide a way for voters to practice on the systems so that they can become more comfortable with them before actually voting.

We hope that these manufacturers and all of the others in the market continue their efforts to not only meet the accessibility requirements of the Help America Vote Act, but to also continue to improve the overall ease of use of their systems.

Funding for this product evaluation was provided by the Teubert Foundation, Huntington, W.Va.

Information from AccessWorld July 2004 Volume 5 Number 4.

Serving West Virginia Farmers and Farm Families

Do you belong to an organization whose members might want to know more about West Virginia AgrAbility?West Virginia AgrAbility Project logo

Please call to arrange an AgrAbility presentation.

We would like to share information with your organization about the AgrAbility Project and how it helps farmers and their families.

1-800-841-8436 or assist@sunnyelkins.com

Some farmers experiencing difficulties with the kind of farming they have always done look for alternatives to enable them to continue to be farmers.

Aquaculture

A growing choice for West Virginia farmers is aquaculture, which is considered the fastest growing sector of U.S. Agriculture. Aquaculture is defined as the farming of fish, shellfish, aquatic plants, etc., in a natural or controlled environment.

The USDA Census of Aquaculture in 1998 reported 27 aquaculture farms in West Virginia with $691,000 in sales. Twenty-two farms used on-farm surface water, four used groundwater and one used off-farm water to raise fish. Detailed data from the 2002 Census will not be released until 2005, although many more aquaculture farms are now operating in West Virginia. According to the 2002 state profile, aquaculture sales had increased to $2,712,000.

Farms used ponds, flow-through raceways or tanks, closed recirculation tanks, cages or a combination of methods. Catfish and trout were produced on 28 West Virginia farms, while striped bass, walleye, blue gill and large mouth bass were raised on other farms.

Researchers on WVU's Aquaculture Food and Marketing Development Project have joined together to enhance the production and marketing of farm-raised fish for food and recreation in private waters, boosting economic development and tourism, and creating new opportunities for farmers in West Virginia.

It is the team's mission to expand the aquaculture industry through a variety of means, such as market research, supporting individual farmers, studying fish species at the genetic level, and turning mine sites into fish farms.

drawing showing aquaponics = aquaculture + hydroponics

The final aspect of the multifaceted project is perhaps the most important: communicating findings to West Virginia's growing aquaculture industry and helping farmers apply them to make their efforts more productive, profitable, and successful. Ken Semmens, an aquaculture specialist with the WVU Extension, coordinates these efforts, scheduling workshops and short courses for producers and organizing an annual aquaculture forum. For more information, call Ken at 304-293-6131 ext, 4211 or e-mail him at ksemmens@wvu.edu

WVU Extension has an aquaculture information series of fact sheets on every aspect of aquaculture from pond management to record keeping forms and water quality. One fact sheet discusses the basics of "Getting Started in Aquaculture in West Virginia." You can find the series at www.wvu.edu/~agexten/aquaculture/factsht.htm

To see a working aquaculture system, you might want to consider a visit to Keyser, West Virginia. The Mineral County Vo Tech in Keyser has had an active and growing aquaculture program since 1994 that is linked to hydroponics. Hydroponics is growing plants without soil. In a program called aquaponics, the vegetation is planted in gravel, then water and fertilizer are circulated over the beds to give the plants the nutrients needed to grow.

The Mineral County facility is equipped with a state-of-the-art filtration system, classroom computer monitoring, and a lighting and heating system that allows the school to produce crops of fish and plants year-round. Students operate the lab by testing water quality, feeding fish, planting, harvesting and monitoring growth, operating the hatchery and caring for broodfish. Students also conduct tours for visitors. E-mail cewebb@access.k12.wv.us for more information about the

Bionic Gardening Gloves

A new type of gardening glove can make gardening easier for people with arthrites. Bionic Gardening Gloves are designed to improve hand strength while reducing pain. Anatomic relief pads on the thumb, fingers and palm reduce calluses, blisters and fatigue.

The gloves have received an Ease-of-Use Commendation from the Arthritis Foundation. Bionic Gloves can be ordered for $45 a pair from the company at 800-282-2287 - select Option # 6 - or www.bionicgloves.com/PG. They are also available at some garden centers.

picture of bionic gardening gloves

Text version of Gardening Gloves picture above

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Celebrating PATHS to Real Choice

PATHS: Partnerships in Assistive TechnologyWest Virginia Real Choice

February 22-23, 2005

Charleston Civic Center

Call for more information:
800-841-8436

February 22 - Interactive panel and audience

February 23 - Full Day Sessions

- Fundamentals of Assistive Technology
- Transitioning to Life
- Accessible Computer Labs - The Role of Assistive Technology

2005 Artists Showcase/Reception

Featuring the work of artists and artisans with disabilities. If you are interested in exhibiting your work, call Regina Mayola at 800-841-8436

WVATS Newsletter

Editor: Jamie Hayhurst jhayhurst@hsc.wvu.edu

Center for Excellence in Disabilities at West Virginia University Publications

Editorial Committee: Jeanne Grimm, Monica Andis, Laura Werner, David Horvath,Lori Risk

Layout: Kim Palumbo

All printed materials produced by WVATS are available in Braille, electronic format, cassette tape and large print.

This publication was supported by funds from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), U.S. Department of Education, grant number H224a20011. The lead agency is the West Virginia Division of Rehabilitation Services. Contents of the newsletter are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the U.S. Department of Education or the Center for Excellence in Disabilities.

Web site address: www.cedwvu.org/programs/wvats/

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